Brief description of tricot and raschel machines and fabrics lapping movement of. There are various types of defects which occur in the knitted fabrics out of which majorly found defects like hole, knit. Still, some defects can have a variety of underlying causes associated with them. At the time of sewing, garments are checked by quality checkers. Fill in and save specification measurement bottoms and trousers pdf form to your computer for easy archiving, emailing or printing. A list of commonly used knitted fabrics and its construction are explained. Identification of fabric defects on the machine knitted designs study knitting cycles of latch models on the machines 5. Loop length control which discusses other aspects like samples and experiments, results and discussion, conclusion of circular knitting machine, knitting. Holes are the results of yarn breakage or yarn cracks. Defects in knitted fabrics, skew, bias, bowing, twisting, knots, thick yarn, thin yarn, uneven yarn structure, course yarn, slub, needle line, needle run, fabric run.
Weavers tapping the fabric with the shuttle tip or pirn on the front rest when inserting a new. Study on different types of knitting faults, causes and. Knitted fabric faults can also be detected by inspecting yarn input tension and loop but only few types of faults are concerned by these methods. First, the laplacian pyramid is used to achieve the decomposition of original fabric image. A number of different methods have been proposed to determine the porosity of knitted fabrics, which include digital imaging, geometrical modeling, and air permeability. List of fabric defects woven, knitted, terry and velvet. Faultsdefects in the knitted fabrics textile learner. In this paper, a nonsubsampled waveletbased contourlet transform nwct is applied in warpknitted fabric defect segmentation. Quality control in the knitting process the varied and diverse causes of fabric defects can generally be summarized in one word inconsistency. Fabric is inspected to identify the severity and type number size location of defect. Composite polyester yarn for woven or knitted fabric download pdf info publication number gb2222838a.
Fabric inspection four point system textile study center. First, the fabric defects images are collected, and are pretreated in order to be seen more clearly. Image inspection by wavelet packets and a neural network classifier is presented for nondefect and six kinds of defects in knitted fabrics. Common quality problems on knitted fabrics zhenlihua. Pdf minimization of defects in knitted fabric researchgate. Introduction to under lap and over lap, closed lap and open lap. The production of terry fabrics is a complex process and is only possible on specially equipped weaving machines. Gb2222838a composite polyester yarn for woven or knitted. Types of fabric defects with causes and remedies loom. The development of 3d knitted fabrics is based on 2d knitted fabrics. The types of defect include a hole, set mark coarse, dropped stitch, oil stain, streak, and tight end. Second, the high frequency directional subband coefficients are extracted by means of the nonsubsampled. The types of defect include a hole, set mark coarse, d.
Digital imaging is an adequate technique to determine the porosity of highporosity fabrics. Garment manufacturing process from fabric to finished product. If this roof is made from knitted fabric bi or multiaxial knitted. The loop length is an important quality control factor in the production of knitted fabric. You will learn the meaning of terms like knit and purl, wale and course and how a weft knit differs from a warp knit. Apr 02, 2018 common fabric defects and its causes common defects of fabrics during manufacturing process includes back fabric seam impression, birds eye, bowing, broken colour pattern, colour out, colour smears, crease mark, drop stitching, dye streak in printing, hole, jerk in, knots, mixed yarn, mottled, needle line, open reed, pin holes, press off etc. Image inspection of knitted fabric defects using wavelet. Human inspection by using knitted fabric inspection machines remains today the most used way to classify faults after knitting and after finishing 5. This defect is caused by bunch of broken ends woven in the fabric. Compared with the traditional contourlet transform, wavelet transform takes the place of laplacian pyramid in nwct and the directional filter bank is nonsubsampled. Common fabric defects and its causes textile school.
The computer techniques are used in the processing of the defects images of weft knitted fabrics in this paper. In textile industry faults are frequently occurred and stitch length has a direct effect on these faults. Fabric checker should know common defects found in fabrics and he must recognize defects on the fabric at the time of fabric inspection. In this study we have done study on knit fabric faults and their causes. Dec 22, 2016 knitting machine settings related defects 11. We will teach you about how knits are made and about the different types of yarns, so that when. A defect is a fault that would reduce the expected performance of the knitted fabric or, if it appeared in a prominent position in an article made from the fabric, would readily be seen and rejected by a prospective purchaser. Realtime detection of knitting fabric defects using. Some faults occur very frequently and some faults occur rarely. The processing of the defects images of knitted fabrics. In this paper, a nonsubsampled waveletbased contourlet transform nwct is applied in warp knitted fabric defect segmentation. Identifying defect causes of weft greige knitted fabric. Images of six different induced defects were obtained and used in the anal. Loom weaving different fabrics woven fabric remedies textiles loom home remedies textile art cloths.
It refers that the product is unsafe or hazardous for the end user or violate mandatory regulations major defects. International journal on textile engineering and processes issn 23953578. The fabric is made of two sets of yarns, in which one set of yarn makes the pile, while the other set of yarn makes the base fabric. Appendixi 303 fabric defects following are the additional fabric defects and their related theory. I would like to discuss about the major defects of knitted fabric. A knitted fabric designer needs to understand the creative potential of knitting technology and work in partnership with available technology and technical expertise. This lesson is the first in our 7part series on working with knit fabrics. Knitted fabrics and types list of knitted fabrics textile. The imperfections may be the result of faulty yarn, knitting machine malfunction or improper finishing. Total defect points per 100 yard square are calculated. It has influential impacts on stitch density, fabric weight, panel length, tightness, fabric width and dimensional stability brackenbury, 1992. Quality control in the knitting process and common knitting. To highlight the defective area in the fabric image, hu et al.
For single jersey, pique and double pique, better shrinkage can be realized, 7%7% in general. Knitting it is very natural that in the course of knitting fabrics, imperfections occur. In 8, tsai and chiang considered the fabric images of oriented and nonoriented textures. Minimization of defects in knitted fabric svkms nmims. Specification measurement sheet bottoms and trousers, forms and data templates, 906. Introduction to knit fabrics university of fashion. For that reason knitted fabric manufacturer always try to produce their fabric defects free, but several defects may occur in the products process. Detection and classification of defects in knitted fabric. Knitting is the construction of the elastic, porous fabric, created by interlocking yarns by means of needles. Knitted fabric defects and remedies fashion2apparel. Pdf study on different types of knitting faults, causes and.
For brokenend defects on fabric surface, they obtained high detection rate. Article information, pdf download for image inspection of knitted fabric defects using. Operators stitch and assemble garment components one by one and make the complete garment. The followings are common quality problems on knitted fabrics. In a flat piece, the yarn is raveled back and forth. Here we tried to make a list of six types of garments defects. For changing the stitch length at same count at three same diametric double jersey knitting machine on same rib structure we found the effect of stitch length on common knit fabric faults.
Image inspection of knitted fabric defects using wavelet packets. The defects in knitting construction are considered in terms of appearance and nature. Astm d 5430 as per astm d 3990, standard terminology relating to fabric defects defects are named and identified for woven fabrics. The fabrics had taken up their fully relaxed dimensions after five wash and dry. During loop formation the yarn breaks in the rejoin of the needle hook. Stitched garments are dispatched to finishing or washing department if washing is required. Two main causes of inconsistency that lead to fabric defects are raw material management before the knitting process and variation in parameters during the knitting process. Pdf study on different types of knitting faults, causes.
A major defect is any defect that, if found in a finished fabric garment, would classify that fabric garment as a second rated. Aug 14, 2012 normally fabric roll containing 40 points per 100 square yard are acceptable. Knitted fabric faults and their remedies slideshare. However, while a considerable amount of research has been performed on 2d knitted fabrics, by comparison. Defects are classified into following three categories.
Here some frequently occurring faults in knitted fabric are given below. The following chapter is an introduction to the fundamental principles relating to the design and manufacture of weft knitted fabric and fashion knitwear. We start by demonstrating the difference between woven and knit fabrics and then how knits are structured. Determination of knitted fabric porosity using digital. A new method for knitted fabric defect detection and classification using image analysis and neural networks is presented. A defective portion in the fabric marked by distortion or cutting of warp and weft.
After cutting and printing process optional process, cut components are sent to sewing department. Application of knitted fabrics in technical and medical. Normally fabric roll containing 40 points per 100 square yard are acceptable. A major defect is any defect that, if found in a finished fabric garment, would classify that fabric. There are various types of defects which occur in the knitted fabrics of all. Threedimensional knitted fabrics have been widely used in many fields, especially in technical textiles. Warp knitted fabrics construction 1st edition yordan. Knitting defects free download as powerpoint presentation. Quality control in the knitting process and common.
To name a few breakage of needle during knitting, faulty yarn, lack of machine maintenance or even improper storage conditions can lead to holes. In an experiment by yue 1993, three ends of 248 nm 125 tex worsted yarns are knitted into a plain jersey fabric with a 7gauge knitting machine. The aim of this book is to provide the background of the warp knitting patterning with a large amount of simulated 3d images of the structures, corresponding to the modern available tools for this. Fabric defect, causes and remedies toh problem kya hai. Introduction in todays very competitive market, it can be said that quality is the main factor in determining the success or failure of an organization. The warp knitted structures can have very complex architectures and very limited understanding exists. A defect is a fault that would reduce the expected performance of the knitted fabric or, if it appeared in a prominent position in an article made from the fabric, would readily be seen and rejected by a prospective. The work demonstrated that changes occurring after laundering were largely due to alterations in the loop shape, rather than yarn or loop length shrinkage. We know that, fabric is the main raw material in the manufacturing process of garments. There are various types of defects which occur in the knitted fabrics of all types caused by a variety of reasons. They can be raveled readily, and they easily develop runs, or ladders, when a yarn is broken. These faults occurred sometimes due to defective parts of machine, or sometimes due to use of defective raw materials. Our proposed system achieves the highest accuracy of 94.
Generally, due to loose structure, knitted fabrics have larger shrinkage than woven fabrics. Knitting is the construction of an elastic, porous fabric, created by interlocking yarns by means of needles. Gb2222838a gb8911193a gb8911193a gb2222838a gb 2222838 a gb2222838 a gb 2222838a gb 8911193 a gb8911193 a gb 8911193a gb 8911193 a gb8911193 a gb 8911193a gb 2222838 a gb2222838 a gb 2222838a authority gb united kingdom prior art keywords multi filament shd filaments process according prior art date 19880831 legal status the legal. The experiment demonstrates that nwct can achieve the positive segmentation regarding the common defects, such as broken warp, width barrier, and oil, and has excellent performance on these directional defects and regional defects. A defect of the knitted fabric is an abnormality which spoils the aesthetics i. Major defects can result in the product visual or performance failure, reducing its marketability or usability. Pdf a fabric defect is any abnormality in the fabric that spoils the aesthetics i.
Yarn variation and lycra jump are achieved and these fabric defects need to be corrected to. Weavers tapping the fabric with the shuttle tip or pirn on the front rest when inserting a new pirn. Dec 11, 2015 for that reason knitted fabric manufacturer always try to produce their fabric defects free, but several defects may occur in the products process. This is a void in the warp direction due to yarn breakage. Realtime detection of knitting fabric defects using shearlet. In a production process you may find there are several types of garments defects and if you want to avoid these defects then you have to know it which types of defects basically occurs. A grade is a numerical value given to fabric based on number, size and severity of defect seen during visual examination. Images of six different induced defects were obtained and used in the analysis. There are different types of defects found in knitted fabric, but the defects of knitted fabric is less than woven fabric. Pdf in this study we have done study on knit fabric faults and their causes. Warpknitted fabric defect segmentation based on non. Friends and family members apart from being sources of defects also viewed my work from time to time. Major defects of knitted fabric textile merchandising.
Knitting tools, knitted fabric quality, loop length. They used different subbands of wavelet transform for finding the defects in fabric images. Thin horizontal lines that appear at irregularly spaced intervals and are of various sizes 12. Abstractdiffering from the traditional contourlet transform, the nonsubsampled contourlet transform nsct is proposed to apply in warpknitted fabric defect segmentation. Loop forming is the basic operation to produce knitted fabric. The fabrics had taken up their fully relaxed dimensions after five. Knitted terry is pile jersey fabric made with a special attachment in regular circular knitting machines similar to woven fabrics. Fabric defects point values based on the following. Application of knitted fabrics in technical and medical textiles. It is acknowledged that nwct will provide a new way to detect warpknitted fabric defects automatically.
Knitted fabrics are produced by two general methods warp knitting, and weft knitting, and each method produces a variety of types of knitted fabrics. Then the classification and the extraction of characteristic value of the defects are introduced on the basis of researching anglicizing of the pretreated images, and reaching the. Many types of fault may be found in knitted fabric due to many reasons. A hole in a knitted fabric for example can turn up due to a variety of reasons. Knitted fabric defects and remedies by jahanara enam 9. Knitted products find application field also among implants. Different types of fabric defects with images fashion2apparel. Common fabric defects and its causes common defects of fabrics during manufacturing process includes back fabric seam impression, birds eye, bowing, broken colour pattern, colour out, colour smears, crease mark, drop stitching, dye streak in printing, hole, jerk in, knots, mixed yarn, mottled, needle line, open reed, pin holes, press off etc.
This paper has investigated the porosity of knitted fabrics using digital imaging techniques. By doing this study fabric defects like hole, lycra break and knit fly reduced by 26%, 36% and 41% respectively. If the yarn count is not correct on regarding structure, gauge, course and density. Appearance of holes in the fabric due to an interruption in a loop formation. We will teach you about how knits are made and about the different types of yarns, so that. The two classes of knitted fabrics are the filling knit and the warp knit. Circular knitting machine, computerized jacquard machine, knitted fabric. Study on different types of knitting faults, causes and remedies of knit fabrics.
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